Monthly Archives: March 2012

Report from the Varnish Users Group (VUG5) meeting in Paris – Day 1

Last week I attended the VUG5 meeting (https://www.varnish-cache.org/vug5). The following is my report of the conference Day 1, the "Users" day.

TL;DR

I learned a lot on (for me) gray areas of Varnish like 3.0, VMODs, ESI and various corner cases. My presentation on how we use Varnish at Opera sparked a lot of interest especially in our thumbnail service.

Day 1, VUG5 users day

Day 1 was held at La Défense, a mega business district just outside of Paris. All day was filled with presentations by Varnish Software people and a few other companies. On with the list, and my notes on the side.

Keynote: Varnish in 2020 by Poul Henning Kamp, Varnish Software

Poul runs thttpd, he's not a varnish user, so welcomes feeback from all users. That's why of the VUGs.

Varnish today is "The HTTP delivery engine". And in 2020? Hard to predict. PHK usually predicts things really badly. What we _can_ see is:

  • HTTP/2.0 Last call status just a few weeks ago
  • Google's SPDY support in Varnish? Most likely. Depends on future development and what/how many clients pick it up
  • HTTP over UDP? Lots of interest in this lately

Most likely future work on varnish:

  • Clearer split of transport and semantics
    (could speak HTTP no matter whether over UDP, TCP or SPDY)
  • Generic pluggable protocols (SPDY, f.ex.)
  • Decouple client protocol and backend protocol. Talk SPDY to client, talk HTTP to backend.

SSL in Varnish? Unlikely, just use Pound or nginx or whatever. Pound is simple and robust.

Varnish Book by Kristian Lyngstøl, Varnish Software

Expanding and improving on the existing training course material, Kristian and some contributors created a "Varnish Book", to help people starting up with Varnish. It will be is freely available at https://www.varnish-software.com/static/book/. Now there's only a cute bunny though.

Varnish + Escenic by Richard Zuidhof, Escenic?

Richard explained how he used Varnish to migrate away from the Apache/Squid/Apache sandwich and made it better/faster and his company saved a lot of money in the process.

Interesting points:

50x errors received from the backends are served doing a restart in vcl_fetch() but hitting a "dummy" backend, a sort of static version of a real backend. Something like:


  sub vcl_recv {
     ...
     if (req.restarts > 0) {
         set req.backend = dummy;
     }
  }
 
  sub vcl_fetch {
     if (beresp.status == 500) {
        return (restart); # Or whatever this is
     }
  }

Also talked about various timeouts, like:

 
  {
    .first_byte_timeout = 1s;
    .between_bytes_timeout = 1s;
  }

and how he needed to reset them back to 120s/180s for some of their pages to work.

He said: a timeout event from backend should cause Varnish to fall back to stale content. Not the case currently.
Varnish will abort the fetch operation. So pay attention.

Mobile device detection by Lasse Karsten, Varnish Software

Talked about various libraries and ways to detect mobile devices, including:

  • libvarnish-deviceatlas
  • WURFL
  • … others I didn't write down in time

Basically it was a way to survey how many people
use this technology and say that Varnish Software has a
commercial solution but they are going to open source
it Soon(tm), or something along these lines.

I was a bit distracted because I was having problems with the laptop and my presentation
was coming up, so… I plan to go back to this presentation once the slides are up.

ESI and Varnish by Federico Schwindt, RBS

Summary of how RBS is using ESI for an internal website used by RBS employees.

Basically the service is composed of various "boxes", small windows in the page with some information that depends on location, department or other things, and they use Varnish to cache those small boxes and ESI to compose the final page.

Problems:

  • They can't find a way to also keep the fully composed page as a cache object.
  • Invalidation logic is complex because of inter-dependent content between different boxes.

Interesting: they use a HTTP header sent by the backend to instruct Varnish on when to do ESI processing, so ESI is not a on/off as a whole, but it can be triggered on specific pages. This is very cool because it could also solve the development/production setup problem I had always feared when using ESI. With that I mean the complication of using development environments with ESI, where every dev installation needs a ESI-aware varnish.

Varnish at Opera by me

I talked about how we use Varnish in our projects. I mentioned a few Varnish extensions I worked on, including varnish-accept-language and varnish-geoip, plus other tools like http-cuke.

There were plenty of real world examples of VCL configuration we use in the various projects. I also talked about the varnish puppet module we wrote, that comes with a bunch of interesting customizations and fixes, included in the puppet-modules repository on Github.

If you're interested, slides are published here:

http://www.slideshare.net/cstrep/vug5-varnish-at-opera-software

I got lots of feedback and questions about our picture thumbnail service, so I'll probably write more about it soon.

Security with VCL by Kacper Wysocki, Redpill Linpro

Easily one of the best talks of the day. Kacper explained his security.vcl project. Here's a few highlights, but it's really interesting, I hope slides will be up soon.

  • Wrote modsec rules parser and converter to VCL
  • Eduardo Scarpellini, Master thesis, OWASP, worked on a varnish-firewall project, similar in scope, and did a in-depth research, finding that out of the OWASP top broken apps, he could automatically block 73% of XSS and SQL injections.
  • security.vcl is now used in ~10 sites with lots of traffic
  • Drawback compared to mod-security is that no POST data can be analyzed (yet)
  • In the future, we will see a merge of security.vcl and varnish-firewall projects.

Varnish modules by Kristian Lyngstøl, Varnish Software

I don't remember much, but I think Kristian basically tried to get more people to use VMODs, and said there's now a nice page where a list of known VMODs is kept:

http://www.varnish-cache.org/vmods

and you can register your own VMODs and have them listed.

Stay tuned for the "Day 2, Developers day" part.